17. mars 2011

Sinte barn får det ofte som de vil!

Barns sinne kan komme til uttrykk på forskjellige måter. Noen barn hyler og skriker, andre kaster ting, slår eller biter. Uavhengig av årsaken til at barn blir sinte, er det viktig at voksenpersonene lærer barnet hensiktsmessige måter å gi uttrykk for sine følelser på. Selv om et barn føler seg urettferdig behandlet, kan det ikke slå et annet barn. Barn bør heller ikke hyle fordi det ikke får det som det vil.

Hvis et barn er ofte sint, bør vi se på både hva som skjer før barnet blir sint, og hva som skjer i etterkant av sinneutbruddet. Det som skjer i forkant av sinneutbruddet, kan vi kalle en utløsende faktor for barnets sinne. Ofte er dette noe åpenbart, som at barnet ikke fikk viljen sin, eller at noen gjorde noe mot barnet. I andre sammenhenger kan det være vanskelig å se hva som var utløsende for sinneutbruddet. Ofte vil en imidlertid oppdage at barnet lettere blir irritert i spesielle situasjoner, som når det er trøtt eller det er lenge siden det har spist. For å redusere et barns frustrasjon og irritasjon, kan det være lurt å skaffe seg en oversikt over om det er i spesielle situasjoner eller på spesielle tidspunkter barnet oftest blir sint. Hvis det viser seg å være et mønster, kan en prøve å endre på det som gjør at barnet blir sint.

Ulike ting voksne gjør for å stoppe barnet fra å være sint, kan i mange tilfeller medføre at barnet oftere blir sint. Barn bør for eksempel aldri oppnå positive ting gjennom å bli sinte. Når barn blir sinte, bør voksne i de fleste situasjoner opptre rolig, og på en behersket måte fortelle barnet at det må bli rolig. Ikke start diskusjoner med barnet før det har roet seg. Rolige, men bestemte foreldre har normalt mindre sinte barn, mens uforutsigbare (og kanskje opphissede) foreldre ofte utløser flere sinneutbrudd fra barna.

De fleste foreldre har opplevd at barn kan hyle og skrike når de ikke får det som de vil. Noen barn gjør dette en gang iblant, andre så ofte at det oppfattes som et stort problem. Når barnet hyler fordi det ikke får viljen sin, er det viktig at en ikke lar barnet få gjennomslag fordi det hyler. Da lærer barnet raskt at det gjennom å hyle får viljen sin.

Det som ofte er lurest å gjøre når barnet hyler i slike situasjoner, er å overse hylingen, eventuelt på en mild, men bestemt måte lede barnet bort fra situasjonen. En kan også si til barnet at ”vi kan snakke sammen når du har roet deg ned”. Det er sjeldent lurt å kjefte på et vrælende barn, det fører i de fleste tilfeller til at situasjonen trappes ytterligere opp. Vent heller til barnet er rolig, og gi det så en hyggelig tilbakemelding (”fint at du er rolig nå!”). Da lærer barnet at det ikke oppnådde noe med å hyle, men at det fikk en hyggelig kommentar når det var rolig.

I andre situasjoner må en gå direkte inn å stoppe barnet. Hvis barnet for eksempel slår et annet barn bør det stoppes med en gang, og få en klar beskjed om at det er uakseptabelt. Barnet vil ofte begynne å diskutere i slike situasjoner (”han gjorde noe først” eller "det var ikke jeg som begynte"). I slike situasjoner bør en ikke gå inn på noen diskusjon. Barn skal ikke slå andre, og det er ikke noe å diskutere!

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  1. Med barn som er 5+ tror jeg faktisk det kan gå ann å snakke om en situasjon hvor det har endt med at noen slår.

    Barn slår ikke med intensjoner om å skade noen eller gjøre harme. Jeg mener det kan være greit å snakke om hva som skjedde og høre begge sider av situasjonen. For så å komme til en fornuftig og rettferdig "løsning". "A tok en leke fra B, det var ikke riktig. Men B kan fortsatt ikke slå A av den grunn og burde heller si ifra til en voksen."

    Mener på ingen måte at man skal gi barnet en mulighet til å unnskylde slåing, for det er absolutt ikke meningen. Men det å ikke ta situasjonen opp til samtale kan vel kansje gjøre barn usikker på hvorfor det bare får en streng beskjed om å ikke slå, end of story.

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